This Learning Lab collection addresses the United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians (1980) case. Beginning in the 1800s with colonial expansion westward and the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, it explores key events that led up to the case, as well as the long history of its litigation. The case and Supreme Court ruling is explained alongside an explanation of the cultural and spiritual significance of the Black Hills region to the Sioux peoples. Finally, this learning lab analyzes how the case has shaped life in the present-day Black Hills area and the ongoing Indigenous rights activism occurring in the region.