This 11-minute video chronicles the rise and fall of the prefrontal lobotomy as a form of treatment for a range of mental health disorders. It shows students how Dr. Walter Freeman became a medical celebrity by championing the use of lobotomy, and how the lobotomy’s growth as a treatment option was stanched by Freeman’s ethical lapses and the arrival of the first generation of antipsychotic drugs. After explaining the decline of psychosurgery and Freeman’s eventual disgrace, the video discusses cutting-edge research that is fueling a renewed interest in physical manipulation of the brain as a form of treatment. Useful for lessons on biological approaches in clinical psychology or on the biological bases of human behavior, the video can spark a discussion about medical ethics, and how mistakes of the past can help scientists make better decisions in the rapidly unfolding future of psychiatric neurosurgery.