In this lesson, students research what life was like for the inhabitants of the Pale of Settlement. The Pale was created by Catherine the Great in response to the influx of Jews from the expansion of the czarist Russian Empire, and existed from 1791 to 1917. Frank Gehry’s grandparents, Frank and Annie Goldberg, were among the 52,000 Jewish people who immigrated to Canada in the first decade of the 20th century. In the late 1800s, Annie and Frank Goldberg lived in the Pale of Settlement, a territory in czarist Russia in which Jews were legally permitted to live and to which they were restricted.