It is estimated that Brazil’s population is at least fifty percent black; however, racial inequalities still permeate all levels of Brazilian society. Although affirmative action has been used to balance some of the disparities that affect Brazil’s black population, further legislation seeking to expand affirmative action has been strongly opposed by the nearly all-white Brazilian Congress. In this video segment from the Wide Angle film "Brazil in Black and White," Pablo Paim, one of Brazil’s few black senators, discusses the need for the legislation that will require all of Brazil’s federal universities to establish racial quotas.